Glossary of Neuropsychology

Amusia  It is the inability to detect, recognize, or reproduce musical tones, and it is also referred to as tone deafness. Achromatopsia Achromatopsia is a non-progressive and hereditary visual disorder which is characterized by the absence of color vision, decreased vision, light sensitivity, and nystagmus. Patients with achromatopsia are only able to perceive black, white and gray shades colors. Ideomotor apraxia  is a neurological disorder characterized by the inability to correctly imitate hand gestures and voluntarily mime tool use. for example pretend to brush one's hair. 

Prosopagnosia:  Prosopagnosia (also known as 'face blindness') refers to a severe deficit in recognizing familiar people from their face. Amnesia: is a deficit in memory caused by brain damage , disease or psychological trauma. Agnosia: Is the inability to process sensory information, is a loss of ability to recognize objects persons,sounds,shapes or smells. 

* Hippocampus: Temporal Lobe structure that constitutes a important part of limbic system and explicit memory system. * Alert: Situation of vigilance or attention. Be in wakefulness. * Codification: Process of prepare and organize information verbal or visual for be accumulate long term and later recuperation

 Phonological: The system of contrastive relationships among the speech sounds that constitute the fundamental components of a language. The arcuate fasciculus: Is a bundle of axons that forms part of the superior longitudinal  fasciculus, an association fiber tract. The arcuate bidirectionally connects caudal temporal cortex and inferior parietal cortex to locations in the frontal lobe. Aprosexia: Is an abnormal inability to pay attention, characterized by a near-complete indifference to everything.

* Clinical Sign: They are the objective manifestations clinically reliable, and observed in the patient's examination *Symptom: Is the subjective reference that a patient gives of the perception that he recognizes as anomalous or caused by a pathological state or a disease *Neonatal Abstinence: A group of problems that occur in a newborn who was exposed to addictive opioid drugs while in the mother's uterus.

* Cerebral Amygdala: Integrate emotions that causes physiological answers and prepared the behaviour.      Regulate:         Automatic Answers          Fear and Flight Reaction         Emotional Learning         Memory         Sexual Behaviour         Aggression         Others. (Subcortical structure localized on internal part of temporal medial lobe) * Cerebellum: Is responsible of muscular coordination and other movements not controlled by the will. * Magnocellular Cells: Group of neurons projected that intervenes in visual perception. (Located within  Adina magnocellular layer of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus)

Motor Cortex Motor Cortex is the region of the cerebral cortex  involved in the planning, control , and execution of voluntary movements. Classically the motor cortex is an area of the frontal lobe located in the posterior  precentral  gyrus  immediately anterior to the central sulcus. Sublexical the sublexical approach you use grapheme phoneme conversion. This means it bypasses the lexical system. It uses your knowledge of phonemes (the sounds of letters) and graphemes (the sound of groups of letters) to decode the word. Cerebral Hemispheres The cerebral hemispheres are the highest level of the Central Nervous System. They are like two mushroom caps bulging of the left and right front end of the brain stem, They control the activity of the lower levels, directing the overall plan and direction of behavior

* Learning Disorder: Problems that affects the children's ability in recibe, processing, analyze and accumulate information. These causes difficulties in math calculation, read, write, spelling and orthography. * Dysorthography (Dyslexia Dysgraphia): Language specific disorder of writing, is the combination of mistakes affects the word and no the outline or orthography. * Phonology: Part of linguistics that studies the phonemes and theoretical descriptions about vocalic sounds and consonants that form a language.