Glossary of Neuropsychology

* Stereotypies: These are repetitive or ritualized movements, postures or voices without a specific purpose. Stereotypies can be simple movements such as balancing the body, or complexes such as self-strokes, crossed and uncrossed legs or walking on the site. * Social Interviews: It is the manifestation through which the subsequent social influence that every individual receives is summoned. * Cognitive deficit: It is a term used to describe any feature that acts as a barrier to the cognitive process.

* Pathognomonic: Characteristic symptoms that define an illness. *  Psychometric Test: They are a objective measurement and categorized that permits descriptions and comparisons between people or the same person with differents moments of vital cycle. * Etiopathogenesis: Origin and causes about illness development. 

Symbolic Play Symbolic play is the ability of children to use objects, actions or ideas to represent other objects, actions, or ideas as play. A child may push a block around the floor as a car or put it to his ear as a cell phone Echolalia The word echolalia meaning speech. This refers to the unsolicited repeating of the same words or phrases that someone else has said. It’s automatic and effortless almost a type of imitation similar to what parrots do. Acquired Language is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language  as well as to produce and use words  and sentences  to communicate. Language acquisition is one of the quintessential human traits

* Genetics: Biological part that studies the genes and mechanism that regulate the transmission of hereditary character. * Comorbidity: Evidence of the existence of one or more disorders as well as illness or primary disorder. Body effects about these disorders or illness additional. * Physiology: Science that studies the organic being functions.

* Inhibitory Control: Human ability to  dominate impulsive answers (automatic) and generate answers mediated attention and reasoning. * Seratonin: Neurotransmitter indolamine. Biomolecule that sends information through sinapsis between neurons and intervenes in  contraction smooth  muscle,  regulation of sleep and contributes in happiness. * Dopamine :Neurotransmitter phenylethylamine - catecholamine. Intervenes: behaviour, cognition, motor activity, motivation, regulation of  sleep, mood, attention and learnig.

 School failure is a process where a student slips farther and farther behind his peers and gradually disconnects from the educational system.

Inattention can be simply put as a lack of attention or a reduced attention span. Attention can be defined as the concentration of mental powers upon an object

The investigation or attribution of the cause or reason for something, often expressed in terms of historical or mythical explanation.

* Basal Ganglia: Set of nuclei or masses of gray matter, located at the base of the brain between the afferent and descending pathways of white matter, near the trunk of the encephalon. * Dopamine: Neurotransmitter present mainly in the synapses responsible for motor functions. * Cerebral Cortex: Nervous tissue that covers the surface of both cerebral hemispheres.

* Executive Functions: It covers a series of cognitive abilities that allow the planning, organization and achievement of objectives in an efficient way, such as cognitive flexibility, planning, inhibitory control, attention and memory. * Diagnosis: Analysis performed to determine a specific situation, within the medicine is used to identify a disease or any pathological or health condition. * Attention: Cognitive process that allows to select and maintain a stimulus relevant to the individual.

Is a powerful excitatory neurotransmitter that is released by nerve cells in the brain.   It is responsible for sending signals between nerve cells, and under normal conditions it plays an important role in learning and memory.

Human brain maturation is a complex, lifelong process that can be examined in detail using neuroimaging techniques. Ongoing projects scan subjects longitudinally with structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), enabling the time-course and anatomical sequence of development to be reconstructed.

Memory is the sum total of what we remember, and gives us the capability to learn and adapt from previous experiences as well as to build relationships. It is the ability to remember past experiences, and the power or process of recalling to mind previously learned facts, experiences, impressions, skills and habits.

Neurogenesis is the process by which new neurons are formed in the brain. Neurogenesis is crucial when an embryo is developing, but also continues in certain brain regions after birth and throughout our lifespan.

An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a noninvasive test that records electrical patterns in your brain. The test is used to help diagnose conditions such as seizures, epilepsy, head injuries, dizziness, headaches, brain tumors and sleeping problems. It can also be used to confirm brain death

Psychological tests are written,visual, or verbal evaluations administered to assess the cognitive and emotional fuctioning of children and adults

(TBI) Is a complex injury with a broad spectrum of symptoms and disabilities, The impact on a person and his or her family can be devastating, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said TBI as "a disruption in the normal fuction of the brain that can be caused by a bump,blow, or jolto to the head, or penetraing head injury" The severity of symptoms will depend on which part of the brain is affected, wheather it is in a specific location or over a widespread area, and the extent of the damage.

*Cerebrovascular Accident: Disorder in cerebral blood circulation; frequently it has a sudden onset, It can be ischemic (reduction of blood flow) or hemorrhagic (bleeding), it alters the tissue irrigated by the vessel that has ischemia and the surrounding tissue in hemorrhagic accidents. *Superior Cortical Functions : They are exclusive abilities of the human being and include activities such as: • Language • Memory • Sensory-sensitive functions • Behavior *Morphology : Branch of biology responsible for studying the structure of living beings.

* Semiology :  Study of symptoms * Cerebral Hemisphere : Lateral division of the two major portions of the forebrain, covered by the cerebral cortex. * Neurocognitive Functions : Refers to the dimensions used to organize and conceptualize the clinical cases. It includes the functions: attention, memory, language, executive functions, perception, construction skills and calculation. (Other). Ardila, Arocho Llantín, Labos, Rodríguez Irizarry. (2015). Diccionario de neuropsicologia. Obtenido de Diccionario de neuropsicologia: https://www.ucatolica.edu.co/portal/wp-content/uploads/adjuntos/biblioteca/diccionario-neuropsicologia.pdf